[Franek Grabowski]

Dobry wieczór

Boys have to be circumsized - matrilineal descent is a fundamental of Judaism, and remained unquestioned for 3,100 years until the rise of the Jewish Reform movement in the late 18th century.
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The source for matrilineal descent is from the Bible itself, where it discusses the prohibition against marrying out of the Faith. The Bible says that you may not give over your child to a non-Jewish spouse as he may turn your son away from you.

I would say the reason is much simplier. Jews were like Gypsies in modern times, nomads travelling through the middle east. In such conditions, a pregnant woman is always a problem and you can imagine what the problem is when the child is not 'our'. Making religious argument that the child should be considered 'our' because it is of 'our' mother allows to resolve such issues and rise the children.

The bible, in describing the grandson as “your son” implies that he is Jewish, whereas the non-Jewish child-in-law is depicted as a male. This is understood to mean that the religion goes after the mother.

I mean the child of a Jewish mother is always a Jew not depending on sex.

Benedetto is well aware of how & where his employment originates.
RABBIS spend their lives interpreting. The devout listen & learn from rabbis

I mean there is no oberrabbi, who is supervising other rabbis. So every rabbi can interpret the bible in any way he considers correct. This may lead to so many complicated interpretations that are quite contradictory.

You are more precise than I am Francis

Oh, it was just discussed here.

I am not too sure if Soviet 1930s society permitted obedience to Jewish religious practice. For me she is Jewish only if she was aware of her faith - and followed it. I have similar 'doubts' about Stanford-Tuck, as I have never found reference to him being a practising Jew ?

Litvyak - if it is a Jewish name (I do not know Russian that good) then she must have been awared of it, no doubt. If she was religious, that is another matter. I would like to avoid discussion if Jewishness is nationality or religion, let's leave it to rabbis.
RST, well, I am curious as well. As I noted previously, research on the Polish airmen of Jewish descent/religion is sloppy to say the least. I have to receive some sort of document listing the Polish airmen of Jewish religion but I am still waiting for it.

As for Melitta........

Perhaps it is a bogus story?

I am not interested in Soviet/Eastern European prejudices. I am interested in the victims of such prejudices. I find certain chapters in First Kill sad. But as with S. Skalski in his later years - I will not judge - their lives were not my life and as pilots, both were exceptionally skilled, brave and served the allied cause superbly. Their personal views may have been expressed - but that was their right of speech. I am neither a Polish Catholic nor a Polish Jew.

Beware, a victim may be a monster! Or should we consider Roehm or Berya victims?
Concerning views of Gnyś, Skalski or anybody else, such a discussion without the knowledge of rather complicated ethnical/religious situation is senseless. Also, I have noted that especially Anglosaxons have problems with understanding such issues, for example that nationality is not linked to place of living or citizenship.

Correct - a "Church" is to a Jew a buiding from which only trouble and strife can be expected - maybe this will change - but as long as those who go into churches deny the origins of their beliefs - I (personally) suspect that caution is the better part of valour for those who choose to remain outside, and true to the original source

I cannot say anything about English or German churches but I do not see anything like that here in Poland. I would say it is the other side which increases the conflict, and it is mostly 'imported' people.

lucky for you...I encourage your restraint. Repentance is better than salvation.....