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Old 3rd August 2010, 22:24
Johnny .45 Johnny .45 is offline
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Hurricane Mk IIC cannon:drum-magazine or belt-fed?

Hey, everyone. This is post #1 for me on this forum. I have a bad habit of making my posts far too lengthy and detailed, but if you'll bear with me, I shall try to restrain myself! =)
Okay: the Hurricane Mk IIC, with it's 4 x 20mm Hispano cannons, is variously stated as having 90 or 91 round capacity per gun, for a total of 360 or 364 rounds. I assume the one extra shell per gun can be explained by crewmen putting the additional shell into the feed mechanism, or even the chamber...sort of like how a semi-auto handgun with a 7-round magazine can carry "7+1", with a full magazine and one in the chamber.
But that's not what I was wondering. I had intended to ask if the Hurricane was belt-fed or not, but I actually just barely found a poor-quality photo that shows that the Hurricane did indeed have ammo-belts and Chatterault mechanisms. So, now my question is: why is the ammunition capacity of the Mk IIC so much smaller than cannon-armed Spitfires? A Spitfire Mk V used drum-fed Hispanos with a 60-round capacity per gun, but the later versions with a "C" or "universal" wing could hold up to 125 rounds per gun.
The Hurricane is notorious for having a relatively thick wing which limited performance, but did give plenty of room for up to 12 Browning .303's or 4 large Hispano's. It was a trick getting four cannon to fit into the Spitfire's thin wing, but they managed. So, if the Hurricane has all this room inside the wing, then why is it limited to only 90 rounds per gun? They can fit 120 - 20x110mm shells in the cramped Spitfire wing, but they can only fit 3/4 of that in the larger Hurricane?
My guess is that it has to do with how the guns were installed. The Spitfire's Hispanos were "staggered", with the inside-gun muzzle protruding distinctly further from the leading-edge than the outside-gun. This allowed the designers to run the magazine boxes side-by-side, one ahead of the other, matching the location of the cannon breech. I doubt they had much choice, since the wing was too thin to lay them on top of each other...the ammo capacity would have suffered.
The problem is, I'm not sure exactly how the Hurricane's gun bay and magazines are laid-out. The guns themselves are very close to being level with each other...I believe that the outer guns are actually an inch or two further ahead than the inner ones, but the difference isn't immediately apparent.
Of course, this makes it impossible, or difficult to "stagger" the magazine-boxes, so they have to lay them on top of one another...the wing may be thicker than the Spitfire, but it's still to thin to lay two 120-round boxes atop each other, unless they were very long and skinny. So the Hurricane got stuck with only 90 rounds per gun.
But one has to wonder why they didn't stagger the guns in the Hurricane like the ones in the Spitfire? It could have 180 rounds per gun that way! I'd have to guess that maybe it has something to do with the narrower chord of the Hurricanes wing..."chord" is the distance from the wings leading-edge to trailing edge. And the Spitfire had an unusually wide-chord wing. Maybe there just wasn't room?
Plus, Hispanos are very heavy and powerful weapons, even compared to other 20mm weapons. I suppose taking center-of-gravity into account, a designer would either have to put both guns right on the CoG, or put one ahead and one an equal distance behind. So I suppose thinking of the considerable length and weight of the HS.404, the narrower-chord wing, and the need to keep the plane balanced, maybe that WAS the only way to put four cannon in the wings of a Hurricane.
It's also worth considering the fact that 20mm cannon-shells weigh quite a bit! The Hurricane was always a bit "under" in performance, and slinging four 90lb guns plus ammo in the wings hurt it's performance even more. Maybe adding more ammo would just make it worse. I wonder though...I know that some Hurricanes, particularly in the deserts, would remove the outer pair altogether to save a little weight. If I'm right about the "stacked" ammo magazines, it seems conceiveable that one could remove the outer cannon, and "double" the magazine...so each wing would have one cannon with 180 shells, and still be lighter than a four-gun machine.
So, what does everyone think? I suppose I went and sort of answered my own question, at least a bit. Can anyone confirm, or debate my ideas? Also, does anyone know where I can find cutaways and/or diagrams, photographs of the different Hurricane wing-types? I've only found Spitfire ones, so far. =/

Regards,
Johnny .45
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